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Name:
Birth and Death:
Family:
Key Chronology:
Key Influences in Life:
Significance:
So What:
Sources:
Presentation
Names: Suleiman I (سليمان اول) (10th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire)
- Suleiman the Magnificent (in the West)
- Suleiman the Lawgiver (قانونى سلطان سليمان )
Birth: 6 November 1494 (Trabzon, Ottoman Empire (SE Black Sea))
Death: 6 September 1566 (Szigetvár, Kingdom of Hungary)
Reign: 30 September 1520 – 6 September 1566 (nearly 46 years)
Family:
- Father: Selim I or Selim the Grim (Resolute) (ruled from 1512-1520)
- Defeated the Safavids at the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514
- Defeated the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt in 1517 (controlling Damascus, Mecca, and Medina)
- Declared himself Caliph of Islam
- Two primary concubines (wives) with 17 women in his harem
- Favorite wife – Hurrem Sultan (also known as Roxelana) (m. 1533 or 1534) – first Haseki Sultan
- 8 sons, 5 daughters (executed 2 sons)
- Succeeded by Selim II (son #6) (1524-1574) (ruled from 1566-1574)
Key Military Chronology:
- 1521 – Siege of Belgrade (Mehmed II (the Conqueror) had failed here in 1456)
- 1522 – Siege of Rhodes (5 month siege, heavy costs 50,000-60,000 Ottoman dead)
- 1526 – Battle of Mohács (55-70,000 against 25-40,000) (14-24,000 Hungarian dead including the King)
- 1529 – Siege of Vienna (120-150,000 against 17-21,000) (first military defeat for Suleiman I)
- 1532 – Siege of Vienna (somewhat aborted as the artillery failed to arrive because of the Siege of Güns)
- 1532-1555 – Ottoman-Safavid War
- 1535 – Suleiman I entered Baghdad
- 1555 – Peace of Amaysa signed
- 1536 – Franco-Ottoman Alliance established
- 1542-1546 – Italian War (France and the Ottoman Empire against the Holy Roman Empire and England)
- 1548 – Captured Aden
- 1565 – Great Siege of Malta
Key Influences in Life:
- Islam
- Ottoman History
- His family, Grand Vizier Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha, and his wife
Significance:
- The longest reigning Ottoman Sultan.
- Collected, condensed, and codified practical law to become the “Ottoman Law” lasting more than 300 years
- Patron and contributor to the arts and poetry
- Established a lasting political and military alliance with France
- One of three “gunpowder empires” (Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal)
- Controlled all Caliphal Capitals (Mecca, Damascus, Baghdad, Cairo, and Constantinople)
So What:
- The apex of Ottoman dominance and empire
- The Ottoman Turk was the boogeyman of Europe in the 1500s
Sources:
- Wikipedia entries: Suleiman the Magnificent, Selim I, Battle of Mohacs, Ottoman-Safavid War
- Suleiman the Magnificent – Extra History – #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, #6, Lies
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JGZSkLq3Eng, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pNYIZJew4oE, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DqN0EFFUA6w, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JH4jcSFOx70, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S7p4AcTBG7o, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gTjfYqiBqg, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltT_CvI5wv0
